"The appearance of the newly discovered scorpionflies could hardly be more bizarre," says Willmann. The males have a spindly, extremely elongated abdomen, at the end of which is a large organ -- with long, grasping pincers -- for mating. The insects have a body length of more than three centimetres, meaning they are particularly large. The insects were captured by the Mainz zoologist Professor Jochen Martens and his colleague from Stuttgart Dr Wolfgang Schawaller. Until now, only one such species was known and that was discovered exactly 200 years ago.

"Despite their dangerous-sounding name, scorpionflies are completely harmless to humans," says Willmann. Their name comes from their spherical genital segment, which looks like the sting of a scorpion. They also have a distinctive, elongated head. In Europe, there are only a few species of scorpionflies. "More species ofLulilanprobably exist in Nepal and the surrounding regions," Willmann says. So far, only the females of some types are known. Unlike the males, however, the females have none of these characteristic features, meaning that classification is more difficult.

From the scorpionflies that have already been described, only the genusLeptopanorpa, which is native to Sumatra, Java and Bali, has developed such a distinctive abdomen. However, it is not closely related toLulilan。“这是一个惊人的例子,类似的水资源teristics emerge independently, perhaps in response to similar evolutionary pressures," says Willmann.