//www.koonmotors.com/news/mind_brain/steroids/ Steroids. Read the latest medical research on steroid use and steroid abuse. How do steroids affect the body? en-us Mon, 16 Oct 2023 20:19:09 EDT Mon, 16 Oct 2023 20:19:09 EDT 60 //www.koonmotors.com/images/scidaily-logo-rss.png//www.koonmotors.com/news/mind_brain/steroids/ For more science news, visit ScienceDaily. //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/06/230608195659.htm For the first time, cells involved with the communication between stress responses in the brain and inflammation in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract have been identified in animal models. Glial cells, which support neurons, communicate stress signals from the central nervous system (CNS) to the semi-autonomous nervous system within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, called the enteric nervous system (ENS). These psychological stress signals can cause inflammation and exacerbate symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Thu, 08 Jun 2023 19:56:59 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/06/230608195659.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2022/09/220908112442.htm Most children with a condition that causes a temporary weakness or paralysis of the muscles in the face recover without medication within six months, according to a new study. Thu, 08 Sep 2022 11:24:42 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2022/09/220908112442.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2021/09/210917161206.htm Researchers attempted to unravel such mechanisms by adopting non-invasive diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to study the brains of SLE patients, particularly the white matter, coupled with computerized neuropsychological assessment. White matter lies beneath the grey matter cortex in the human brain and comprises millions of bundles of nerve fibers that transmit signals to different brain regions. Fri, 17 Sep 2021 16:12:06 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2021/09/210917161206.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2021/03/210325084537.htm Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS), a synthetic version of the male sex hormone testosterone, are sometimes used as a medical treatment for hormone imbalance, and its use is known to have many side effects, ranging from acne to heart problems to increased aggression. A new study now suggests that AAS can also have deleterious effects on the brain, causing it to age prematurely. Thu, 25 Mar 2021 08:45:37 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2021/03/210325084537.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2020/10/201013190807.htm Although uncommon, sudden permanent hearing loss seems to be linked to COVID-19 infection in some people, warn doctors, reporting the first UK case. Tue, 13 Oct 2020 19:08:07 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2020/10/201013190807.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2019/08/190816191419.htm A new study supports evidence that children with mild asthma can effectively manage the condition by using their two inhalers -- one a steroid and the other a bronchodilator -- when symptoms occur. This is in contrast to the traditional method of using the steroid daily, regardless of symptoms, and the bronchodilator when symptoms occur. The as-needed use of both inhalers is just as effective for mild asthma as the traditional protocol, according to the investigators. Fri, 16 Aug 2019 19:14:19 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2019/08/190816191419.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2019/07/190729094538.htm Scientist have identified a link between exposure to high levels of estrogen sex hormones in the womb and the likelihood of developing autism. Mon, 29 Jul 2019 09:45:38 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2019/07/190729094538.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2019/06/190621220750.htm New research finds that adolescents who see themselves as puny and who exercise to gain weight may be at risk of so-called muscularity-oriented disordered eating behaviors. Fri, 21 Jun 2019 22:07:50 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2019/06/190621220750.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2019/04/190408113944.htm Performance-enhancing steroid use could increase the risk of cocaine use and addiction in teens, according to a new rodent study. The combination of these drugs could also impair fertility in young women. Mon, 08 Apr 2019 11:39:44 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2019/04/190408113944.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2019/03/190301160901.htm Researchers have discovered a mechanism for how androgens -- male sex steroids -- sculpt brain development. The research could ultimately help researchers understand behavioral development differences between males and females. Fri, 01 Mar 2019 16:09:01 EST //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2019/03/190301160901.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2019/02/190213142713.htm For the first time, scientists discovered how neuroactive steroids naturally found in the brain and bloodstream inhibit the activity of a specific kind of protein called Toll-like receptors (TLR4), which have been known to play a role in inflammation in many organs, including the brain. Wed, 13 Feb 2019 14:27:13 EST //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2019/02/190213142713.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2019/01/190125112315.htm Patients undergoing long-term treatment with steroids may suffer from metabolic side effects. Researchers have now pinpointed a mechanism that leads to so-called steroid diabetes. Their findings have been published in Nature Communications. Fri, 25 Jan 2019 11:23:15 EST //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2019/01/190125112315.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2018/10/181026102627.htm Sex differences in cannabis use are beginning to be explained with the aid of brain studies in animals and humans. Fri, 26 Oct 2018 10:26:27 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2018/10/181026102627.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2018/09/180920160842.htm A head-to-head trial comparing the decades-old steroid, prednisone, and a promising new steroid, vamorolone, finds both act on the same key set of genetic pathways involved in controlling inflammation, indicates a new study. However, the study suggests the new investigational steroid doesn't activate several additional pathways involved in prednisone's bevy of undesirable side effects. Thu, 20 Sep 2018 16:08:42 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2018/09/180920160842.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2018/09/180904164650.htm Scientists have discovered that the time of day influences the way mice respond to steroids. Researchers found that out of 752 genes which regulate lungs in mice, 230 genes work only in the day and 197 only at night. Tue, 04 Sep 2018 16:46:50 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2018/09/180904164650.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2018/03/180320084339.htm 类固醇是目前唯一可用的应用t to reduce the repetitive cycles of inflammation and disease progression associated with functional deterioration in patients with muscular dystrophy (MD). A study has shown that a new treatment approach using the selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) tamoxifen and raloxifene significantly improved cardiac, respiratory, and skeletal muscle functions and increased bone density in both male and female mice with the same gene defects as a subset of patients with MD. Tue, 20 Mar 2018 08:43:39 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2018/03/180320084339.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2018/03/180315091253.htm Coffee affects your metabolism in dozens of other ways besides waking you up, including your metabolism of neurotransmitters typically linked to cannabis, a study reports. The neurotransmitters related to the endocannabinoid system -- the same ones affected by cannabis -- decreased after drinking four to eight cups of coffee in a day. That's the opposite of what occurs after someone uses cannabis. The study also gives possible insight in the cause of munchies. Coffee may also increase the elimination of steroids. Thu, 15 Mar 2018 09:12:53 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2018/03/180315091253.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2017/10/171003144516.htm One in three American adults suffers from high blood pressure, or hypertension. The disease can be passed down in families, and certain lifestyle factors such as smoking, high-sodium diets, and stress can increase the risk. In recent years, scientists have discovered that certain gut bacteria may contribute to hypertension, as well. Tue, 03 Oct 2017 14:45:16 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2017/10/171003144516.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2016/11/161116190531.htm 注射类固醇的耳朵是有效的e treatment for a common form of severe dizziness, suggests a new study. Wed, 16 Nov 2016 19:05:31 EST //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2016/11/161116190531.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2016/09/160905064457.htm People with the most common type of lung cancer whose disease has spread to the brain could be spared potentially harmful whole brain radiotherapy, according to new research. The phase 3 randomized trial found that whole brain radiotherapy had no beneficial effect on length or quality of survival over treatment with steroids and other supportive care. Mon, 05 Sep 2016 06:44:57 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2016/09/160905064457.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2016/03/160324104446.htm Prenatal steroid treatment reduces by half a premature baby's risk for a severe form of brain hemorrhage after birth, a study has found. The research, on nearly 26,000 premature infants, demonstrated that the benefit applies even to the earliest born preemies, who can be overlooked as potential candidates for this steroid treatment. Thu, 24 Mar 2016 10:44:46 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2016/03/160324104446.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2016/01/160120115605.htm Analyses of the results of a survey of Colorado high school students suggest there may be a potential association between substance use and indoor tanning, according to an article. Wed, 20 Jan 2016 11:56:05 EST //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2016/01/160120115605.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2015/07/150707092422.htm People using anabolic steroids to improve muscle growth and sporting performance are far more likely to experience issues with their memory, according to new research. Tue, 07 Jul 2015 09:24:22 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2015/07/150707092422.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2015/02/150209083008.htm The study found that extremely low birth weight babies whose mothers received a full course of steroids prior to giving birth are at even greater risk for psychiatric disorders. Mon, 09 Feb 2015 08:30:08 EST //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2015/02/150209083008.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2015/01/150129143042.htm When new medicines are invented, the drug may hit the intended target and nullify the symptoms, but nailing a bull's eye -- one that produces zero side effects -- can be quite elusive. New research has, for the first time, revealed the crystal structure of a key protein, TSPO, which is associated with several forms of anxiety disorders. Thu, 29 Jan 2015 14:30:42 EST //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2015/01/150129143042.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2014/08/140807104309.htm Brief, acute psychological stress promoted healing in mouse models of three different types of skin irritations, in a new study. Scientists found that healing was brought about by the anti-inflammatory effects of glucocorticoids -- steroid hormones -- produced by the adrenal glands in response to stress. Thu, 07 Aug 2014 10:43:09 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2014/08/140807104309.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2014/05/140527101051.htm Critically ill patients receiving steroids in a hospital’s intensive care unit (ICU) are significantly more likely to develop delirium, new research suggests. Researchers suggest minimizing the use of steroids could reduce delirium in the ICU. While it usually goes away after a few days, studies show delirium in the ICU has a long-term impact. It has been associated with worse functional recovery and cognitive impairments of a magnitude consistent with moderate traumatic brain injury or mild Alzheimer's disease. Tue, 27 May 2014 10:10:51 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2014/05/140527101051.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2014/05/140519160755.htm Insights from a highly social fish can help understand how other androgenic steroids, like testosterone, can shape a male's parenting skills. Once bluebanded gobies become fathers, they stay close to the developing eggs, vigorously fan and rub them until they hatch, and also protect them from mothers who would eat them. Mon, 19 May 2014 16:07:55 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2014/05/140519160755.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2014/04/140422121231.htm A review of the literature on treating multiple sclerosis aims to provide physicians with evidence-based information on the latest treatments for this chronic disease. The article looks at the latest pharmacologic research as well as disease-modifying agents and the benefits and risks of various treatments. Tue, 22 Apr 2014 12:12:31 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2014/04/140422121231.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2014/02/140218110942.htm Debilitating side effects associated with prescription medication for some of today's most common conditions could be eradicated if they mimicked the body's natural hormone secretion cycles, a new report has said. Researchers focused on the dynamics of natural hormone secretion and subsequent effects on the brain and other organs. Combining mathematical modelling with the latest clinical and experimental data, they found that the body regulates the release of crucial steroid hormones (such as cortisol) in pulses approximately every hour. Tue, 18 Feb 2014 11:09:42 EST //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2014/02/140218110942.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2014/01/140113095143.htm Teenage boys who think they’re too skinny when they are actually a healthy weight are at greater risk of being depressed as teens and as adults when compared to other boys, even those who think they are too heavy, according to findings published. Mon, 13 Jan 2014 09:51:43 EST //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2014/01/140113095143.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2013/11/131123195028.htm Steroid injections given to pregnant women before premature birth may increase the child’s risk of later behavioural and emotional difficulties, a study has found. Sat, 23 Nov 2013 19:50:28 EST //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2013/11/131123195028.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2013/11/131104162532.htm Parents and doctors assume eating disorders very rarely affect males. However, a study of 5,527 teenage males from across the US challenges this belief. Researchers found 17.9 percent of adolescent boys were extremely concerned about their weight and physique. These boys were more likely to start engaging in risky behaviors, including drug use and frequent binge drinking. Mon, 04 Nov 2013 16:25:32 EST //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2013/11/131104162532.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2013/10/131027205618.htm Brief exposure to anabolic steroids may have long lasting, possibly permanent, performance-enhancing effects, shows a new study. Sun, 27 Oct 2013 20:56:18 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2013/10/131027205618.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2013/10/131007093739.htm New findings demonstrate a reproducible pathology that may help shed light on anxiety and mood volatility in methamphetamine dependence. Mon, 07 Oct 2013 09:37:39 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2013/10/131007093739.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2013/05/130520094836.htm There is a link between use of anabolic-androgenic steroids and reduced mental health later in life. This is the main conclusion of a new study on elite male strength athletes. Twenty per cent of the subjects in the study admitted steroid use. Mon, 20 May 2013 09:48:36 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2013/05/130520094836.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2013/03/130314085049.htm Why does chronic stress lead to increased risk for dementia? The answer may lie in the elevation of stress steroids that is seen in the brain during stress, a researcher suggests. Thu, 14 Mar 2013 08:50:49 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2013/03/130314085049.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2013/02/130219120939.htm For patients with spinal stenosis, epidural steroid injections (ESI) may actually lead to worse outcomes—- whether or not the patient later undergoes surgery, according to a new study. Tue, 19 Feb 2013 12:09:39 EST //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2013/02/130219120939.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2012/12/121214143025.htm The long-term use of anabolic-androgenic steroids may severely impact the user's ability to accurately recall the shapes and spatial relationships of objects, according to a recent study. Fri, 14 Dec 2012 14:30:25 EST //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2012/12/121214143025.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2012/08/120806161915.htm Scientists are investigating the cellular basis for behavioral changes seen with the abuse of anabolic androgenic steroids. New research looks at three major behavioral systems typically associated with steroid abuse -- reproduction, aggression in males, and anxiety in both sexes. Studies have shown there are "critical periods" -- periods of time during adolescence when exposure to steroids can impose permanent changes in both brain organization and function. Mon, 06 Aug 2012 16:19:15 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2012/08/120806161915.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2012/06/120606164932.htm A biologist has shown that natural variation in measures of the brain's ability to process steroid hormones predicts functional variation in aggressive behavior. The new work has found strong and significant relationships between aggressive behavior in free-living birds and the abundance of messenger RNA in behaviorally relevant brain areas for three major sex steroid processing molecules: androgen receptor, estrogen receptor and aromatase. Wed, 06 Jun 2012 16:49:32 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2012/06/120606164932.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2012/05/120508093921.htm In the eyes of young college men, it’s more unethical to use steroids to get an edge in sports than it is to use prescription stimulants to enhance one’s grades, according to new research. Tue, 08 May 2012 09:39:21 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2012/05/120508093921.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2012/03/120330081737.htm 糖皮质激素——一种类固醇激素widely used in a number of medical disorders. Worldwide, it is estimated that almost 5% of postmenopausal women take glucocorticoids. As well as having specific benefits, Glucocorticoids have side effects. One of the potentially most important is that glucocorticoid use is associated with bone loss, which is most rapid in the first 3-6 months of treatment, potentially leading to serious complications and osteoporosis in many postmenopausal women. Fri, 30 Mar 2012 08:17:37 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2012/03/120330081737.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2011/07/110707092439.htm Neuroscientists have identified the brain cells involved in alcohol-related blackouts and the molecular mechanism that appears to underlie them. Alcohol interferes with key receptors in the brain, which in turn manufacture steroids that inhibit long-term potentiation, a process that strengthens the connections between neurons and is crucial to learning and memory. Thu, 07 Jul 2011 09:24:39 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2011/07/110707092439.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2011/06/110617081548.htm A multicenter pilot study of etanercept for treatment of dermatomyositis found no major safety concerns and many patients treated with the drug were successfully weaned from steroid therapy. These results are encouraging, but larger studies are needed to further investigate the safety and efficacy of etanercept. Fri, 17 Jun 2011 08:15:48 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2011/06/110617081548.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2011/05/110524162007.htm Treating idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss with injections of steroids directly into the ear appears to result in recovery of hearing that is not less than recovery obtained with the standard therapy of oral corticosteroids and may be a preferable treatment for some patients to avoid the potential adverse effects of oral steroids, according to a new study. Tue, 24 May 2011 16:20:07 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2011/05/110524162007.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2011/02/110215164300.htm 通过alcoho酒精依赖(广告)可能发展l's effects on neural signaling. Researchers have found that neuroactive steroids may mediate some of the effects of alcohol on y-aminobutyric acid type A receptors. These findings suggest that genetic variations in neuroactive steroid-producing enzymes may be related to risk for AD. Tue, 15 Feb 2011 16:43:00 EST //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2011/02/110215164300.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2010/05/100519151741.htm A researcher has discovered that zebrafish -- an important animal model in disease and environmental studies -- could provide the means to help scientists eventually reveal the function of a mysterious enzyme linked to the steroid cortisol, and found in the human brain. Wed, 19 May 2010 15:17:41 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2010/05/100519151741.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2009/10/091028114706.htm Medical researchers have announced that a recently deceased member of the NFL Hall of Fame suffered from the degenerative brain disease Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) when he died, becoming the 10th former NFL player diagnosed with the disease. All NFL and college football players studied post-mortem show signs of CTE Wed, 28 Oct 2009 11:47:06 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2009/10/091028114706.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2009/04/090430101443.htm Using a steroid drug for multiple sclerosis in addition to an MS drug may reduce the amount of disease activity more than using the MS drug alone, according to a new study. Thu, 30 Apr 2009 10:14:43 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2009/04/090430101443.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2009/02/090217141811.htm Children whose asthma improved while taking steroid drugs for several years did not see those improvements continue after stopping the drugs, new results from a comprehensive childhood asthma study show. Tue, 17 Feb 2009 14:18:11 EST //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2009/02/090217141811.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2009/01/090107085024.htm A recent multi-center prospective study found that calibrating medications based on daily monitoring of the fractional exhaled nitric oxide and symptoms in asthmatic children showed no significant improvement over medicating based on daily symptom monitoring alone. Wed, 07 Jan 2009 08:50:24 EST //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2009/01/090107085024.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2008/10/081014145904.htm Adding corticosteroids to traditional antimicrobial therapy might help people with pneumonia recover more quickly than with antibiotics alone, scientists have found. Tue, 14 Oct 2008 14:59:04 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2008/10/081014145904.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2008/06/080617160837.htm A great deal of attention has been paid to the use of growth hormone by elite athletes and a few vocal entertainers. But underlying this tip of the iceberg is a $2 billion dollar a year business, likely involving hundreds of thousands of regular people, and promoted by anti-aging and age-management clinics and compounding pharmacies who aggressively market and sell growth hormone with the claim that it has anti-aging or athletic enhancing properties. Tue, 17 Jun 2008 16:08:37 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2008/06/080617160837.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2008/04/080414174855.htm When city traders have high morning testosterone levels they make more than average profits for the rest of that day, researchers have discovered. The scientists hypothesize that this may be because testosterone has been found to increase confidence and appetite for risk -- qualities that would augment the performance of any trader who had a positive expected return. Mon, 14 Apr 2008 17:48:55 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2008/04/080414174855.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2007/11/071106174204.htm A drug used to treat high blood pressure and enlargement of the prostate may protect the brain from damage caused by post-traumatic stress disorder, Alzheimer's disease, depression and schizophrenia. Prazosin, also prescribed as an antipsychotic medication, appears to block the increase of steroid hormones known as glucocorticoids, researchers have found. Elevated levels of glucocorticoids are associated with atrophy in nerve branches where impulses are transmitted, and even nerve cell death, in the hippocampus. Tue, 06 Nov 2007 17:42:04 EST //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2007/11/071106174204.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2007/10/071015111418.htm Amid growing concerns about sports "doping," researchers report development of a faster and more efficient method for detecting the presence of illegal anabolic steroids in urine. The new method takes only a few seconds and involves no time-consuming sample preparation. The study notes that use of banned substances by professional athletes to build muscle and gain a competitive advantage is a growing problem in sports such as track and field, baseball, football and cycling. Mon, 15 Oct 2007 11:14:18 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2007/10/071015111418.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2007/10/071011065348.htm The majority of nonmedical anabolic-androgenic steroid users are not cheating athletes or risk-taking teenagers. According to a recent survey, containing the largest sample to date, the typical male user is about 30 years old, well-educated and earning an above-average income in a white-collar occupation. The majority did not use steroids during adolescence and were not motivated by athletic competition or sports performance. Thu, 11 Oct 2007 06:53:48 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2007/10/071011065348.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2007/09/070928160815.htm An inflammatory eye condition that is one of the world's leading causes of blindness could be treated much more effectively and easily thanks to a new discovery. In experiments with laboratory rats, scientists have developed a potential new therapy for uveitis -- the inflammation of the uvea, a layer of tissue that lies just below the outer surface of the eyeball and includes the iris. Fri, 28 Sep 2007 16:08:15 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2007/09/070928160815.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2007/07/070725175403.htm The use of steroid medication to treat bronchiolitis -- a common viral lower respiratory infection in infants -- does not prevent hospitalization or improve their respiratory symptoms, according to a recent study. The findings resolve controversy from prior research and are expected to help guide treatment for the most common cause of infant hospitalization. Wed, 25 Jul 2007 17:54:03 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2007/07/070725175403.htm