In the recently published study, new information was uncovered on how cloud properties change when they are influenced by aerosol particles produced by the boreal forests. Direct observations made it possible to assess what kind of effects the volatile organic compounds from the boreal forests have over time on aerosol particles, the physical properties of clouds, aerosol-cloud interactions and the properties of rainfall. The observations were limited to air masses originating in the Arctic Ocean, where marine air has transformed into continental air by the time it arrives at the measuring station.

A marked increase was seen in aerosol concentration in the lower boundary layer within one to three days of the clean marine air arriving at and travelling in the boreal zone. The rise in concentration was found to be consistent with the quantity of new aerosols originating in boreal forests. Together with water evaporating from the soil and plants, these particles were observed to alter the reflectivity of clouds in the lower atmospheric boundary layer.

The results show that emissions of gaseous compounds from boreal forests as well as aerosol-cloud interactions are interdependent processes. These processes take place over several days in air masses moving from the sea across the boreal belt, and they are highly sensitive to change.

Moreover, the findings indicate that even minor changes in aerosol precursor emissions and aerosol concentration can, either due to a changing climate or human activity, significantly alter cloud reflectivity.