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Vitamin D deficiency does not increase risk of type 1 diabetes, study finds

Date:
February 25, 2021
Source:
PLOS
Summary:
Genetically determined vitamin D levels do not have a large effect on risk of type 1 diabetes in Europeans, according to a new study.
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Genetically determined vitamin D levels do not have a large effect on risk of type 1 diabetes in Europeans, according to a study published 25th February 2021 in the open-access journalPLOS Medicineby Despoina Manousaki from the CHU Sainte Justine and the University of Montreal, Canada and colleagues.

1型糖尿病是一种相对常见的自身免疫性disease that inflicts substantial lifelong illness and significant economic burden. Its incidence is increasing worldwide, and there are no known interventions that can be used to prevent the disease. Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with type 1 diabetes in observational studies, but evidence of a causal effect from randomized controlled trials is lacking. In the new study, the researchers used a Mendelian randomization design to test whether genetically decreased vitamin D levels increase risk of type 1 diabetes. Mendelian randomization is a method of using measured variation in disease-related genes to examine the causal effect of an exposure on a disease. The two-sample Mendelian randomization study involved a vitamin D genome-wide association study (GWAS) including 443,734 Europeans, and a type 1 diabetes GWAS including 9,358 cases and 15,705 controls.

The results do not support a large effect of vitamin D levels on risk of type 1 diabetes (odds ratio: 1.09, 95% confidence interval: 0.86-1.40, p=0.48). However, smaller effects may exist, and the results may not be applicable to non-European populations. The findings suggest that the previous epidemiological associations between vitamin D and type 1 diabetes could be due to confounding factors, such as latitude and exposure to sunlight. According to Dr Manousaki: "Our findings do not support a large effect of vitamin D levels on type 1 diabetes, but there may be smaller effects which we could not detect. Until further evidence from large RCTs, we cannot suggest the use of vitamin D supplements as a strategy to prevent type 1 diabetes in individuals at risk, for instance siblings or offspring of people with type 1 diabetes."

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Journal Reference:

  1. Despoina Manousaki, Adil Harroud, Ruth E. Mitchell, Stephanie Ross, Vince Forgetta, Nicholas J. Timpson, George Davey Smith, Constantin Polychronakos, J Brent Richards.Vitamin D levels and risk of type 1 diabetes: A Mendelian randomization studyPLOS Medicine, 2021; 18 (2): e1003536 DOI:10.1371/journal.pmed.1003536

Cite This Page:

PLOS. "Vitamin D deficiency does not increase risk of type 1 diabetes, study finds." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 25 February 2021. .
PLOS. (2021, February 25). Vitamin D deficiency does not increase risk of type 1 diabetes, study finds.ScienceDaily。检索2023年7月24日从www.koonmotors.com/releases/2021/02/210225143656.htm
PLOS. "Vitamin D deficiency does not increase risk of type 1 diabetes, study finds." ScienceDaily. www.koonmotors.com/releases/2021/02/210225143656.htm (accessed July 24, 2023).

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