潜在的用途可穿戴电子设备continue to increase, especially for medical and athletic monitoring. Such devices require the development of a reliable and efficient energy source that can easily be integrated into the human body. Using "biofuels" present in human organic liquids has long been a promising avenue.

Scientists from the Département de chimie moléculaire (CNRS/Université Grenoble Alpes), who specialize in bioelectrochemistry, decided to collaborate with an American team from the University of San Diego in California, who are experts in nanomachines, biosensors, and nanobioelectronics. Together they developed a flexible conductive material consisting of carbon nanotubes, crosslinked polymers, and enzymes joined by stretchable connectors that are directly printed onto the material through screen-printing.

The biofuel cell, which follows deformations in the skin, produces electrical energy through the reduction of oxygen and the oxidation of the lactate present in perspiration. Once applied to the arm, it uses a voltage booster to continuously power an LED. It is relatively simple and inexpensive to produce, with the primary cost being the production of the enzymes that transform the compounds found in sweat. The researchers are now seeking to amplify the voltage provided by the biofuel cell in order to power larger portable devices.

Patents:

F. Giroud, A. J. Gross, S. Cosnier. Bioelectrode for the detection and/or oxidation of glucose and its manufacturing process and device comprising it. French patent n° 1662997 submitted December 21, 2016 . Published 22 June 2018. Extension PCT n°PCT/FR2017053689 submitted December 21, 2017. Published PCT n° WO2018115710A1 28 June 2018.. Applicants: CNRS

S. Cosnier, R. Haddad. Electrochemical reactor block. French patent n° 1559069 submitted September 25, 2015 ; n°3041819. Published March 31, 2017. Extension Europe, USA, Japan n°16777723.4 ; FR20160552310 ; submitted September 14, 2016.. Applicants: Université Joseph Fourier and CNRS