advertisement
Science News
from research organizations

Mysterious vaping illness characterized by fat-laden cells in the lung

Date:
September 6, 2019
Source:
University of Utah Health
Summary:
Investigators have identified a previously unrecognized characteristic of the vaping-related respiratory illness that has been emerging in clusters across the US in recent months. Within these patients' lungs are large immune cells containing numerous oily droplets, called lipid-laden macrophages. The finding may allow doctors to definitively diagnose the nascent syndrome more quickly and could provide clues into causes of the condition.
Share:
advertisement

FULL STORY

医生发现了一个以前从未发现过的characteristic of the vaping-related respiratory illness that has been emerging in clusters across the U.S. in recent months. Within the lungs of these patients are large immune cells containing numerous oily droplets, called lipid-laden macrophages.

The finding may allow doctors to definitively diagnose the nascent syndrome more quickly and provide the right treatment sooner. It could also provide clues into the causes of the new and mysterious condition. Investigators at University of Utah Health reported the findings in a letter published in theNew England Journal of Medicineon Sept. 6.

"While it is too soon to be sure, these lipid-laden macrophages may turn out to be useful to confirm or rule out this disease," said the study's senior author Scott Aberegg, M.D., a critical care pulmonologist at U of U Health. "They may also be helpful in understanding what is causing this illness," Aberegg added.

Lung scans from patients with vaping illness look like a serious viral or bacterial pneumonia, but those tests come back negative. Instead, diagnosis has been based on exclusion of known causes of similar respiratory illnesses combined with knowing the patient has a history of vaping.

U的健康调查人员确定了lipid-laden macrophages in six out of six cases seen at University of Utah Hospital in Salt Lake City by the time of submitting the results for publication. The cells were found in samples after performing a procedure called bronchoalveolar lavage where fluid is squirted into a small section of the lungs and then collected for examination. Macrophages are a type of cell from the immune system that gather at sites of infection and perform the role of cleaning up debris. Staining them with a dye called Oil-red-O highlighted the oily droplets littered throughout these cells.

"These cells are very distinctive, and we don't often see them. That made everybody start to think carefully about why they were there. Are they scavenging debris in the lungs that was introduced through vaping?" Aberegg said.

Doctors at the U had the test performed on the first vaping patient treated at U of U Health in July 2019, after the referring doctor had suggested the patient could have lipoid pneumonia. The condition is diagnosed by screening for lipid-laden macrophages. After finding the marker in this patient, doctors performed the same test in subsequent patients suspected to have the vaping illness, and all were positive. Since submitting their findings for publication, the number of vaping illness cases with lipid-laden macrophages has risen to ten of ten patients examined, with new cases arriving weekly.

The question remains as to whether the vaping respiratory illness is a type of lipoid pneumonia. Despite similarities, there are also differences. Unlike the vaping illness, classic lipoid pneumonia is typically seen in older individuals, typically caused by accidentally breathing in oil-based laxatives. Classic lipoid pneumonia also presents differently on x-rays of the lungs. Additional testing will need to be done to determine whether the vaping illness can be categorized as a new kind of lipoid pneumonia.

"We need to determine if these cells are specific for the illness or whether they are also seen in vaping patients who are not ill and don't have symptoms. If they are only seen in patients who get sick, we can begin to make some connections between what we're seeing in the lipid laden macrophages and whatever components of the vaping oils may be causing this syndrome" Aberegg said.

In addition to Aberegg, co-authors include Sean D. Maddock, Meghan M. Cirulis, Sean J. Callahan, Lynn M. Keenan, Cheryl S. Pirozzi, and Sanjeev M. Raman. The research publishes on Sept. 6 as a letter to the editor at theNew England Journal of Medicine, titled, "Pulmonary disease and lipid-laden macrophages associated with e-cigarette use."

advertisement

Story Source:

Materialsprovided byUniversity of Utah Health.Note: Content may be edited for style and length.


Journal Reference:

  1. Sean D. Maddock, Meghan M. Cirulis, Sean J. Callahan, Lynn M. Keenan, Cheryl S. Pirozzi, Sanjeev M. Raman, Scott K. Aberegg.Pulmonary Lipid-Laden Macrophages and Vaping.New England Journal of Medicine, 2019; DOI:10.1056/NEJMc1912038

Cite This Page:

犹他大学的健康。"Mysterious vaping illness characterized by fat-laden cells in the lung." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 6 September 2019. /releases/2019/09/190906133958.htm>.
犹他大学的健康。(2019年,赛特ber 6). Mysterious vaping illness characterized by fat-laden cells in the lung.ScienceDaily. Retrieved September 26, 2023 from www.koonmotors.com/releases/2019/09/190906133958.htm
犹他大学的健康。"Mysterious vaping illness characterized by fat-laden cells in the lung." ScienceDaily. www.koonmotors.com/releases/2019/09/190906133958.htm (accessed September 26, 2023).

Explore More
from ScienceDaily

RELATED STORIES