//www.koonmotors.com/news/plants_animals/endangered_plants/ Endangered plant research. Read about interesting mechanisms for plant survival and what is being done to save threatened and endangered plants. en-us Wed, 06 Sep 2023 14:53:10 EDT Wed, 06 Sep 2023 14:53:10 EDT 60 //www.koonmotors.com/images/scidaily-logo-rss.png//www.koonmotors.com/news/plants_animals/endangered_plants/ For more science news, visit ScienceDaily. //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/09/230906112450.htm Researchers have investigated how the behavior of an individual wheat plant under limiting light conditions influences the performance of the whole community. They assessed morphological and biomass phenotypes of single plants grown in mixtures under sunlight and a simulated canopy shade, and the relevance of these phenotypes for the monoculture community in the field. Wed, 06 Sep 2023 11:24:50 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/09/230906112450.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/09/230906112421.htm Farmers usually plant so-called cover crops after harvesting their main crop in the Fall. This prevents erosion of the soil and nutrient leaching. The roots of these crops also stabilize the structure of the soil. It had been assumed up to now that a mixture of different cover crops would result in particularly intensive rooting. However, a recent study found only limited evidence that this is the case. Instead, mixed cover crops grow thinner roots than when just one single type of cover crop is planted. This result was unexpected. It documents how little is currently understood about the interactions between plant roots. Wed, 06 Sep 2023 11:24:21 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/09/230906112421.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/09/230905125016.htm By adding a naturally-occurring polymer that makes wood more porous, scientists have engineered trees easier to disassemble into simpler building blocks. Tue, 05 Sep 2023 12:50:16 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/09/230905125016.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/09/230905125010.htm A new study has uncovered intriguing insights into the evolution of plant biology, effectively rewriting the history of how they evolved over the past billion years. Tue, 05 Sep 2023 12:50:10 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/09/230905125010.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/09/230905124952.htm Elephants, buffaloes and other heavy herbivores are effective against invasive plants. This is the conclusion of a new study that used Indian data, including data from the world's largest survey of wildlife based on camera traps. But smaller animals can do the same: you don't need elephants to get the same effect, the researchers point out. Tue, 05 Sep 2023 12:49:52 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/09/230905124952.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/08/230831121648.htm Plant species from certain geographic regions are more successful in spreading outside their native ranges than others -- but why? Ecologists provide answers by exploring how the ecological and evolutionary histories of plants can influence their relationships with humans and their success as invaders. Thu, 31 Aug 2023 12:16:48 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/08/230831121648.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/08/230830160828.htm Researchers generated large scale gene expression data to investigate the molecular networks that operate in one of the closest algal relatives of land plants, a humble single-celled alga called Mesotaenium endlicherianum. Wed, 30 Aug 2023 16:08:28 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/08/230830160828.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/08/230825122014.htm A study on 'canopy soils' on old trees in Costa Rica shows they are important habitats and carbon stores that cannot easily be replaced. Fri, 25 Aug 2023 12:20:14 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/08/230825122014.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/08/230824111449.htm Fungi-eating orchids were found for the first time to offer their flowers to fungi-eating fruit flies in exchange for pollination, which is the first evidence for nursery pollination in orchids. This unique new plant-animal relationship hints at an evolutionary transition towards mutualistic symbiosis. Thu, 24 Aug 2023 11:14:49 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/08/230824111449.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/08/230823122515.htm Many plants and crops rely on insects to pollinate them so they can reproduce. A new study has shown that several flowering plants from the group Euonymus are pollinated by fungus gnats, a dipteran insect. Specifically, they pollinate Euonymus plants which have red-petaled flowers with short stamens and yogurt-like scent. Although fungus gnats are known to pollinate hundreds of plant species, this study shows that the particular traits of red Euonymus flowers were likely to have been acquired via pollination syndrome, evolving over a process of natural selection to be pollinated specifically by fungus gnats. This research highlights the important role of Diptera, which are commonly regarded as pests, in plant diversity and evolution. Wed, 23 Aug 2023 12:25:15 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/08/230823122515.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/08/230822111718.htm By increasing the diversity of indigenous plants in urban areas, researchers have seen a seven times increase in the number of insect species in just three years, confirming the ecological benefits of urban greening projects. Tue, 22 Aug 2023 11:17:18 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/08/230822111718.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/08/230814122323.htm New findings have found that water use efficiency has stalled since 2001 which implies not as much CO2 was being taken in by plants and more water was consumed and that could have implications on carbon cycling, agricultural production and water resources. Mon, 14 Aug 2023 12:23:23 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/08/230814122323.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/08/230811115445.htm Maize roots secrete certain chemicals that affect the quality of soil. In some fields, this effect increases yields of wheat planted subsequent to maize in the same soil by more than 4%. While the findings from several field experiments show that these effects are highly variable, in the long term they may yet help to make the cultivation of grains more sustainable, without the need for additional fertilizers or pesticides. Fri, 11 Aug 2023 11:54:45 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/08/230811115445.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/08/230810141032.htm Plants orient their organs in response to the gravity vector, with roots growing towards gravity and shoots growing in the opposite direction. The movement of statoliths responding to the inclination relative to the gravity vector is employed for gravity sensing in both plants and animals. However, in plants, the statolith takes the form of a high-density organelle, known as an amyloplast, which settles toward gravity within the gravity sensing cell. Despite the significance of this gravity sensing mechanism, the exact process behind it has eluded scientists for over a century. Thu, 10 Aug 2023 14:10:32 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/08/230810141032.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/08/230810110333.htm Rapid alkalinization factors (RALFs) are required for pollen tube germination and elongation, an essential process in plant fertilization. But their role in monocot plants remains unexplored. Scientists have now identified OsRALF17 and OsRALF19 in rice and determined their functions in pollen tube germination and growth. This study provides novel insights into the role of RALFs in rice fertilization, paving the way for enhanced grain yield. Thu, 10 Aug 2023 11:03:33 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/08/230810110333.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/08/230809130617.htm A 390-million-year-old moss called Takakia lives in some of Earth's most remote places, including the icy cliffs of the Tibetan Plateau. In a decade-long project, a team of scientists climbed some of the tallest peaks in the world to find Takakia, sequence its DNA for the first time, and study how climate change is impacting the moss. Their results show that Takakia is one of the fastest evolving species ever studied -- but it likely isn't evolving fast enough to survive climate change. Wed, 09 Aug 2023 13:06:17 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/08/230809130617.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/07/230726171309.htm What happens inside the carnivorous plant Venus Flytrap when it catches an insect? New technology has led to discoveries about the electrical signalling that causes the trap to snap shut. Bioelectronic technology enables advanced research into how plants react to their surroundings, and to stress. Wed, 26 Jul 2023 17:13:09 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/07/230726171309.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/07/230726171303.htm When oleander aphids infested tropical milkweed, monarch butterflies laid fewer eggs on the plant, and the caterpillars developing on those plants were slower to mature. Wed, 26 Jul 2023 17:13:03 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/07/230726171303.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/07/230726171300.htm All plants and lichens listed as endangered under the Endangered Species Act are sensitive to climate change but there are few plans in place to address this threat directly, according to new research. Wed, 26 Jul 2023 17:13:00 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/07/230726171300.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/07/230726113018.htm Researchers have identified a genetic sequence that is essential for plant reproduction. As this region is found in all plant species, it is expected to contribute to future crossbreeding initiatives and help solve the important problem of seed formation defects. Wed, 26 Jul 2023 11:30:18 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/07/230726113018.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/07/230725171909.htm In a multi-generation experiment, researchers found microbes helped plants cope with drought, but not in response to plants' cries for help. Instead, the environment itself selected for drought-tolerant microbes. And while those hardy microbes were doing their thing, they just happened to make plants more drought-tolerant, too. Tue, 25 Jul 2023 17:19:09 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/07/230725171909.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/07/230725123034.htm Deep in the tropical Andes, a genus called Nasa harbored elusive and forgotten plant species. Through the collaborative efforts of botanists and citizen scientists on iNaturalist, these plants have been rediscovered after decades, some even after more than a century. Tue, 25 Jul 2023 12:30:34 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/07/230725123034.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/07/230725123014.htm Newly identified plant fossils found in Argentina suggest that a group of spurges long thought to have Asian origins may have first appeared in Gondwanan South America. Tue, 25 Jul 2023 12:30:14 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/07/230725123014.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/07/230724122539.htm Scientists have found that competition between strains of beneficial bacteria in the soil degrades the service that the bacteria provide to their hosts. Mon, 24 Jul 2023 12:25:39 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/07/230724122539.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/07/230720124918.htm Climate change is affecting the types of plant varieties we can cultivate, as well as how and where we can do so. A new collection of articles in the open access journal PLOS Biology explores the twin challenges of engineering plants for resilience to climate change and enhancing their carbon-capture potential. Thu, 20 Jul 2023 12:49:18 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/07/230720124918.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/07/230714163216.htm 海洋岛屿生态提供有用的模型,biogeography and evolutionary research. Many ground-breaking findings -- including Darwin's theory of evolution -- have emerged from the study of species on islands and their interplay with their living and non-living environment. Now, an international research team has investigated the flora of the Canary Island of Tenerife. The results were surprising: the island's plant-life exhibits a remarkable diversity of forms. But the plants differ little from mainland plants in functional terms. However, unlike the flora of the mainland, the flora of Tenerife is dominated by slow-growing, woody shrubs with a 'low-risk' life strategy. Fri, 14 Jul 2023 16:32:16 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/07/230714163216.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/07/230714131131.htm Plant diversity in nature is generally highest in tropical regions around the equator, with decreasing diversity closer to the poles. Researchers now show that the plant specimens housed in herbaria in Europe and North America are more comprehensive and diverse than the collections housed in the countries with more natural plant diversity. Fri, 14 Jul 2023 13:11:31 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/07/230714131131.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/07/230714131126.htm Many landscapes in the tropics consist of a mosaic of different types of land use. How people make use of these different ecosystems, with their particular plant communities, was unclear until now. Researchers, many of them from Madagascar, have now investigated this. When considering biodiversity, forests often get the most attention. But this research shows that rural households use a wide range of plant species and services provided by many nearby ecosystem types. Fri, 14 Jul 2023 13:11:26 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/07/230714131126.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/07/230711130631.htm A team has identified a protein that modifies the cellular machinery responsible for producing cellulose, which could inform the design of more stable, cellulose-enriched materials for biofuels and other functions. Tue, 11 Jul 2023 13:06:31 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/07/230711130631.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/07/230710180446.htm Research shows global cooling of the climate 10 million years ago led to an explosion of diversity in terrestrial orchids. Mon, 10 Jul 2023 18:04:46 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/07/230710180446.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/07/230710113932.htm Scientists have unveiled a new mechanism that plants use to sense temperature. This finding could lead to solutions to counteract some of the deleterious changes in plant growth, flowering and seed production due to climate change. Mon, 10 Jul 2023 11:39:32 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/07/230710113932.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/07/230710113829.htm Plant roots have their own thermometer to measure the temperature of the soil around them and they adjust their growth accordingly. Through extensive experiments, a team was able to demonstrate that roots have their own temperature sensing and response system. In a new study, the scientists also provide a new explanation for how roots themselves detect and react to higher temperatures. The results could help develop new approaches for plant breeding. Mon, 10 Jul 2023 11:38:29 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/07/230710113829.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/06/230626163430.htm Scientists have discovered a new molecular signalling pathway, triggered when leaves are exposed to low humidity, that ensures plant roots keep growing towards water. A new study has found that when the leaves of a plant are exposed to dry air (low humidity), they send a shoot-to-root signal, using abscisic acid (ABA), to tell the roots to keep growing. This is a surprising finding as ABA is usually thought to be a growth inhibitor, not a growth promoter. Mon, 26 Jun 2023 16:34:30 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/06/230626163430.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/06/230622142353.htm An obscure aquatic plant has helped to explain how plants avoid cracking up under the stresses and strains of growth. Thu, 22 Jun 2023 14:23:53 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/06/230622142353.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/06/230622120902.htm 蝴蝶由城市发展受到的冲击最为严重。Shrinking habitats and food availability are causing their populations to decline. The same applies to many wild bees that fly early in spring. According to a new study, pollination has not yet been impacted by this because honeybees, for example, can compensate for the reduction of urban pollinators. The study is the first comprehensive analysis of the subject and includes data from 133 studies. The results underline the importance of nature conservation measures in urban areas. Thu, 22 Jun 2023 12:09:02 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/06/230622120902.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/06/230621164758.htm For the first time, researchers have developed a genome-scale way to map the regulatory role of transcription factors, proteins that play a key role in gene expression and determining a plant's physiological traits. Their work reveals unprecedented insights into gene regulatory networks and identifies a new library of DNA parts that can be used to optimize plants for bioenergy and agriculture. Wed, 21 Jun 2023 16:47:58 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/06/230621164758.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/06/230620113755.htm Machine learning can help extract important information from the huge numbers of plant specimens stored in herbaria, say scientists. Tue, 20 Jun 2023 11:37:55 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/06/230620113755.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/06/230616161921.htm Biologists provide evidence for an alternative genetic mechanism that can lead to plants becoming self-pollinators. Fri, 16 Jun 2023 16:19:21 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/06/230616161921.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/06/230616161908.htm A 3D model of a 407-million-year-old plant fossil has overturned thinking on the evolution of leaves. The research has also led to fresh insights about spectacular patterns found in plants. Fri, 16 Jun 2023 16:19:08 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/06/230616161908.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/06/230615183136.htm Researchers have used the genome-editing tool CRISPR-Cas to create disease resistant rice plants, according to a new study. Small-scale field trials in China show that the newly created rice variety exhibited both high yields and resistance to the fungus that causes a serious disease called rice blast. Thu, 15 Jun 2023 18:31:36 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/06/230615183136.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/06/230612200428.htm Initial choices about fertilization and grass seeding could have a long-lasting effect on how plants and their associated microbes break down pollution in petroleum-contaminated soils. Mon, 12 Jun 2023 20:04:28 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/06/230612200428.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/06/230608120921.htm Ecological scientists have long sought ways to measure and predict how specific plant communities will fare over time. Which species in a diverse population will persist and coexist? Which will decline? What factors might contribute to continuing biodiversity? Researchers report on a new method for determining whether pairs or groups of plant species are likely to coexist over time. Thu, 08 Jun 2023 12:09:21 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/06/230608120921.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/06/230605181342.htm Night-time pollinators such as moths may visit just as many plants as bees, and should also be the focus of conservation and protection efforts, a new study suggests. Mon, 05 Jun 2023 18:13:42 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/06/230605181342.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/06/230605181230.htm Mycorrhizal fungi are responsible for holding up to 36 per cent of yearly global fossil fuel emissions below ground -- more than China emits each year. Mon, 05 Jun 2023 18:12:30 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/06/230605181230.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/06/230601160141.htm Symbiotic and pathogenic fungi that interact with plants are distantly related and don't share many genetic similarities. Comparing plant pathogenic fungi and plant symbiotic fungi, scientists at the Sainsbury Laboratory Cambridge University (SLCU) have discovered that these remote relatives are using a similar group of proteins to manipulate and live within plants. Thu, 01 Jun 2023 16:01:41 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/06/230601160141.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/05/230531150041.htm Scientists have identified a key chemical associated with lethal bronzing (LB) infected palm trees. LB is a bacterial disease that kills more than 20 species of palm trees in the Southern United States and Caribbean and has been devastating the Florida green industries for nearly two decades. Wed, 31 May 2023 15:00:41 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/05/230531150041.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/05/230531101953.htm 即使没有神经,植物可以当somethi感ng touches them and when it lets go, a study has found. In a set of experiments, individual plant cells responded to the touch of a very fine glass rod by sending slow waves of calcium signals to other plant cells, and when that pressure was released, they sent much more rapid waves. While scientists have known that plants can respond to touch, this study shows that plant cells send different signals when touch is initiated and ended. Wed, 31 May 2023 10:19:53 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/05/230531101953.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/05/230530174307.htm Researchers shows how information about the quantity of absorbed light passes from the leaves to the roots. Photosynthetic sucrose not only supplies roots with carbohydrates but also acts as a signal transmitter for light-dependent root architecture. Tue, 30 May 2023 17:43:07 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/05/230530174307.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/05/230526183156.htm Applying imaging technology to plant roots, researchers have developed a new understanding of chemicals that are responsible for plant growth. The chemical 'roadmap' identifies where key molecules are distributed along corn roots and how their placement factors into the plant's maturation. Fri, 26 May 2023 18:31:56 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/05/230526183156.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/05/230525141233.htm Some of nature's most diverse pollinators often go unnoticed, even by scientists: long-snouted beetles called weevils. A new study provides a deep dive into the more than 600 species of weevils, including ones whose entire life cycles are interwoven with a specific plant that they help pollinate. Thu, 25 May 2023 14:12:33 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/05/230525141233.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/05/230523123834.htm Though prescribed burns reduce wildfire threats and even improve habitat for some animals, new research shows these fires also spread stinknet, an aptly named weed currently invading superblooms across the Southwestern U.S. Tue, 23 May 2023 12:38:34 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/05/230523123834.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/05/230523123716.htm 一组研究人员发现一种机制在那le cress (Arabidopsis thaliana) which enables plants to provide protection against salt stress for their sensitive stem cells in the meristem at the root tip. Tue, 23 May 2023 12:37:16 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/05/230523123716.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/05/230522131409.htm A new study has identified the bee's knees of bumble bee dietary options in Ohio and the Upper Midwest. By viewing almost 23,000 bumble bee-flower interactions over two years, researchers found that these bees don't always settle for the most abundant flowers in their foraging area -- suggesting they have more discerning dietary preferences than one might expect. Mon, 22 May 2023 13:14:09 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/05/230522131409.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/05/230522131320.htm Plants show enormous variety in traits relevant to breeding, such as plant height, yield and resistance to pests. One of the greatest challenges in modern plant research is to identify the differences in genetic information that are responsible for this variation. Mon, 22 May 2023 13:13:20 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/05/230522131320.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/05/230522131318.htm Along with sugar reallocation, a basic molecular mechanism within plants controls the formation of new lateral roots. Botanists have demonstrated that it is based on the activity of a certain factor, the target of rapamycin (TOR) protein. A better understanding of the processes that regulate root branching at the molecular level could contribute to improving plant growth and therefore crop yields, according to the research team leader. Mon, 22 May 2023 13:13:18 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/05/230522131318.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/05/230516115536.htm Under certain circumstances, a rare tropical plant develops into a carnivore. A research team has now deciphered the mechanism responsible for this. Tue, 16 May 2023 11:55:36 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/05/230516115536.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/05/230509122016.htm Small-scale wildlife surveys can reveal the health of entire ecosystems, new research shows. Tue, 09 May 2023 12:20:16 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/05/230509122016.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/05/230508104807.htm Half of plant proteins in the EU come from rapeseed plants. Until now, the plant has only been used for oil and animal feed, as it is both bitter and unsafe for human consumption. In a new study, researchers have gotten closer to removing the plant's bitter substances, and in doing so, are paving the way for a new protein source to support the green transition. Mon, 08 May 2023 10:48:07 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/05/230508104807.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/05/230502132253.htm According to researchers, a new analysis of an 80-million-year-old permineralized pollen cone found in the Campanian Holz Shale formation located in Silverado Canyon, California, offers a more accurate cycad natural history -- one where the plants diversified during the Cretaceous. Tue, 02 May 2023 13:22:53 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/05/230502132253.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/05/230502132250.htm 像动物一样,许多植物物种正在努力adapt to a human-dominated planet. However, plants are often overlooked in conservation efforts, even though they are cheaper and easier to protect than animals and play a pivotal role in bolstering our food, fuel, and medical systems. A plant ecologist suggests an approach for preventing all future land plant extinctions across the globe which includes training more plant experts, building an online 'metaherbarium,' and creating 'microreserves.' Tue, 02 May 2023 13:22:50 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/05/230502132250.htm