//www.koonmotors.com/news/earth_climate/volcanoes/ Volcano News and Research. Latest scientific research on how volcanoes work, predicting volcanic eruptions, climate change due to volcanic eruption and more. en-us Mon, 16 Oct 2023 18:54:58 EDT Mon, 16 Oct 2023 18:54:58 EDT 60 //www.koonmotors.com/images/scidaily-logo-rss.png//www.koonmotors.com/news/earth_climate/volcanoes/ For more science news, visit ScienceDaily. //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/10/231004132429.htm To bridge the knowledge gap between volcanologists and atmospheric scientists working on climate change and observing global systems, researchers have characterized volcanic ash samples from many explosive eruptions of a broad compositional range. Wed, 04 Oct 2023 13:24:29 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/10/231004132429.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/09/230919154830.htm Researchers studying diamond-rich rocks from Western Australia's Argyle volcano have identified the missing third key ingredient needed to bring valuable pink diamonds to the Earth's surface where they can be mined, which could greatly help in the global hunt for new deposits. Tue, 19 Sep 2023 15:48:30 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/09/230919154830.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/08/230831121736.htm 火山喷发的风险是什么?回答this question, scientists need information about its underlying internal structure. However, gathering this data can take several years of fieldwork, analyses and monitoring, which explains why only 30% of active volcanoes are currently well documented. A team has developed a method for rapidly obtaining valuable information. It is based on three parameters: the height of the volcano, the thickness of the layer of rock separating the volcano's reservoir from the surface, and the average chemical composition of the magma. Thu, 31 Aug 2023 12:17:36 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/08/230831121736.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/08/230823122532.htm An international team of scientists found that volcanic eruptions can cause the Pacific Walker Circulation to temporarily weaken, inducing El Niño-like conditions. The results provide important insights into how El Niño and La Niña events may change in the future. Wed, 23 Aug 2023 12:25:32 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/08/230823122532.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/08/230807152152.htm Geoscientists have long thought that water -- along with shallow magma stored in Earth's crust -- drives volcanoes to erupt. Now, thanks to newly developed research tools, scientists have learned that gaseous carbon dioxide can trigger explosive eruptions. Mon, 07 Aug 2023 15:21:52 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/08/230807152152.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/08/230803213819.htm Kama?ehuakanaloa (formerly L??ihi Seamount), a submarine Hawaiian volcano located about 20 miles off the south coast of the Big Island of Hawai'i, has erupted at least five times in the last 150 years, according to new research led by Earth scientists at the University of Hawai'i at M?noa. Thu, 03 Aug 2023 21:38:19 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/08/230803213819.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/07/230705142941.htm Researchers have optimized a new technique to help forecast how volcanoes will behave, which could save lives and property around the world. Wed, 05 Jul 2023 14:29:41 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/07/230705142941.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/06/230628201312.htm Scientists have wondered what happens to the organic and inorganic carbon that Earth's Pacific Plate carries with it as it slides into the planet's interior along the volcano-studded Ring of Fire. A new study suggests a notable amount of such subducted carbon returns to the atmosphere rather than traveling deep into Earth's mantle. Wed, 28 Jun 2023 20:13:12 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/06/230628201312.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/06/230628131038.htm Volcanic disasters have been studied since Pompeii was buried in 79 A.D., leading the public to believe that scientists already know why, where, when and how long volcanoes will erupt. But a volcanologist said these fundamental questions remain a mystery. Wed, 28 Jun 2023 13:10:38 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/06/230628131038.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/06/230623105451.htm Researchers have found that the cooling effect that volcanic eruptions have on Earth's surface temperature is likely underestimated by a factor of two, and potentially as much as a factor of four, in standard climate projections. Fri, 23 Jun 2023 10:54:51 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/06/230623105451.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/06/230620113738.htm New research showed that the plume emitted by the Hunga Volcano eruption in 2022 created the highest lightning flash rates ever recorded on Earth, more than any storm ever documented. Tue, 20 Jun 2023 11:37:38 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/06/230620113738.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/06/230609125645.htm The new study used a model of volcano fracturing to interpret patterns of earthquakes and ground uplift, and concluded that parts of the volcano had been stretched nearly to breaking point. Fri, 09 Jun 2023 12:56:45 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/06/230609125645.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/06/230608120950.htm The Daitari greenstone belt shares a similar geologic make-up when compared to the greenstones exposed in the Barberton and Nondweni areas of South Africa and those from the Pilbara Craton of north-western Australia. Thu, 08 Jun 2023 12:09:50 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/06/230608120950.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/06/230601160150.htm Underwater volcanism and its hydrothermal activity play an important role in marine biogeochemical cycles, especially the carbon cycle. But the nature of hydrothermal activity at 'petit-spot' volcanoes have not been revealed at all. Now, scientists reveal that petit-spot hydrothermal activity occurs on the deepest seafloor known to date and could release carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane, which may have implications for the global carbon cycle. Thu, 01 Jun 2023 16:01:50 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/06/230601160150.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/05/230523184945.htm A new study concludes that an extinct volcano off the shore of Portugal could store as much as 1.2-8.6 gigatons of carbon dioxide, the equivalent of ~24-125 years of the country's industrial emissions. For context, in 2022 a total of 42.6 megatons (0.0426 gigatons) of carbon dioxide was removed from the atmosphere by international carbon capture and storage efforts, according to the Global CCS Institute. The new study suggests that carbon capture and storage in offshore underwater volcanoes could be a promising new direction for removal and storage of much larger volumes of the greenhouse gas from the atmosphere. Tue, 23 May 2023 18:49:45 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/05/230523184945.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/05/230522131339.htm Researchers found that the Hunga-Tonga eruption was associated with the formation of an equatorial plasma bubble in the ionosphere, a phenomenon associated with disruption of satellite-based communications. Their findings also suggest that a long-held atmospheric model should be revised. Mon, 22 May 2023 13:13:39 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/05/230522131339.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/04/230414201818.htm The 2022 eruption of a submarine volcano in Tonga was more powerful than the largest U.S. nuclear explosion, according to a new study. The 15-megaton volcanic explosion from Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai, one of the largest natural explosions in more than a century, generated a mega-tsunami with waves up to 45-meters high (148 feet) along the coast of Tonga's Tofua Island and waves up to 17 meters (56 feet) on Tongatapu, the country's most populated island. Fri, 14 Apr 2023 20:18:18 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/04/230414201818.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/04/230411150521.htm Material left on the seafloor by bronze-age underwater volcanic eruptions is helping researchers better understand the size, hazards and climate impact of their parent eruptions, according to new research. Tue, 11 Apr 2023 15:05:21 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/04/230411150521.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/03/230324093518.htm Volcanic relics scattered throughout the Australian landscape are a map of the northward movement of the continent over a 'hotspot' inside the Earth, during the last 35 million years. Fri, 24 Mar 2023 09:35:18 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/03/230324093518.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/02/230208191727.htm Cornell University researchers have unearthed precise, microscopic clues to where magma is stored, offering a way to better assess the risk of volcanic eruptions. Wed, 08 Feb 2023 19:17:27 EST //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/02/230208191727.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/01/230127131154.htm A 'back-projection' technique reveals new details of the volcanic eruption in Tonga that literally shook the world. Fri, 27 Jan 2023 13:11:54 EST //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/01/230127131154.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/01/230123200330.htm A new study finds that microorganisms live in richly diverse and interdependent communities in high-temperature geothermal environments in the deep sea. By constructing genomes of 3,635 Bacteria and Archaea from 40 different rock communities, researchers discovered at least 500 new genera and have evidence for two new phyla. Samples from the deep-sea Brothers volcano were especially enriched with different kinds of microorganisms, many endemic to the volcano. The genomic data from this study also showed that many of these organisms depend on one another for survival. Some microorganisms cannot metabolize all of the nutrients they need to survive so they rely on nutrients created by other species in a process known as a 'metabolic handoff.' Mon, 23 Jan 2023 20:03:30 EST //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/01/230123200330.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/01/230119185817.htm On the short-lived island of Hunga Tonga Hunga Ha'apai, researchers discovered a unique microbial community that metabolizes sulfur and atmospheric gases, similar to organisms found in deep sea vents or hot springs. Thu, 19 Jan 2023 18:58:17 EST //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2023/01/230119185817.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2022/12/221220113051.htm A team is collecting data that will be used to create models that can help improve lava flow forecasting tools that are useful in determining how hazards impact populations. One such tool, known as MOLASSES, is a simulation engine that forecasts inundation areas of lava flow. Tue, 20 Dec 2022 11:30:51 EST //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2022/12/221220113051.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2022/12/221220112959.htm The main gases released by volcanoes are water vapor, carbon dioxide, and sulfur dioxide. Analyzing these gases is one of the best ways of obtaining information on volcanic systems and the magmatic processes that are underway. The ratio of carbon dioxide levels to those of sulfur dioxide can even reveal the likelihood of an impending eruption. Drones are employed to carry the necessary analytical systems to the site of activity. Tue, 20 Dec 2022 11:29:59 EST //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2022/12/221220112959.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2022/12/221212180513.htm The powerful volcanic eruption in January 2022 created ripple effects throughout the world's atmosphere and oceans. Analysis of the Hunga Tonga eruption shows how signals from the ionosphere could help monitor future volcanoes and tsunamis. Mon, 12 Dec 2022 18:05:13 EST //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2022/12/221212180513.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2022/11/221121105157.htm Volcanic eruptions are dangerous and difficult to predict. A team has found that the ratio of atoms in specific gases released from volcanic fumaroles (gaps in the Earth's surface) can provide an indicator of what is happening to the magma deep below -- similar to taking a blood test to check your health. This can indicate when things might be 'heating up.' Specifically, changes in the ratio of argon-40 and helium-3 can indicate how frothy the magma is, which signals the risk of different types of eruption. Understanding which ratios of which gases indicate a certain type of magma activity is a big step. Next, the team hopes to develop portable equipment which can provide on-site, real-time measurements for a 24/7 volcanic activity monitoring and early warning system. Mon, 21 Nov 2022 10:51:57 EST //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2022/11/221121105157.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2022/11/221103140756.htm Using images captured by satellites, researchers have confirmed that the January 2022 eruption of the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai volcano produced the highest-ever recorded plume. The colossal eruption is also the first to have been directly observed to have broken through to the mesosphere layer of the atmosphere. Thu, 03 Nov 2022 14:07:56 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2022/11/221103140756.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2022/11/221102135657.htm A chemical analysis of sediment cores from the North Pacific Ocean show a consistent pairing of volcanic ash and hypoxia, a low ocean oxygen interval spanning thousands of years, during times of rapid climate warming at the end of the last ice age, new research shows. Wed, 02 Nov 2022 13:56:57 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2022/11/221102135657.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2022/10/221020201448.htm Magma beneath long-dormant Mount Edgecumbe volcano in Southeast Alaska has been moving upward through Earth's crust, according to research the Alaska Volcano Observatory rapidly produced using a new method. Thu, 20 Oct 2022 20:14:48 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2022/10/221020201448.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2022/09/220929132536.htm The Plinian eruption of Mount Vesuvius around 4,000 years ago -- 2,000 years before the one that buried the Roman city of Pompeii -- left a remarkably intact glimpse into Early Bronze Age village life in the Campania region of Southern Italy. The village offers a rare glimpse into the lives of the people who lived there, and the degree of preservation led the researchers to pinpoint the timing of the eruption, based on archaeobotanical record. Thu, 29 Sep 2022 13:25:36 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2022/09/220929132536.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2022/09/220915165304.htm It isn't every day that we learn something that fundamentally changes how we understand our world. But for volcanologists across the globe, such a revelation has occurred. Thu, 15 Sep 2022 16:53:04 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2022/09/220915165304.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2022/08/220819115037.htm New research reveals more about the magnitude of January eruption, as researchers call for better preparedness The eruption of the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai volcano in January created an initial wave 90 meters high -- almost the height of the Statue of Liberty (93m). Tsunami expert calls for better warning systems to detect volcanic eruptions, saying systems are '30 years behind' comparable earthquake detection tools. Fri, 19 Aug 2022 11:50:37 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2022/08/220819115037.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2022/08/220818164041.htm While funding is pumped into preventing low-probability scenarios such as asteroid collision, the far more likely threat of a large volcanic eruption is close to ignored -- despite much that could be done to reduce the risks, say researchers. Thu, 18 Aug 2022 16:40:41 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2022/08/220818164041.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2022/08/220817135557.htm While funding is pumped into preventing low-probability scenarios such as asteroid collision, the far more likely threat of a large volcanic eruption is close to ignored -- despite much that could be done to reduce the risks, say researchers. Wed, 17 Aug 2022 13:55:57 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2022/08/220817135557.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2022/08/220803112555.htm Researchers have discovered that super-eruptions occur when huge accumulations of magma deep in the Earth's crust, formed over millions of years, move rapidly to the surface disrupting pre-existing rock. Wed, 03 Aug 2022 11:25:55 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2022/08/220803112555.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2022/08/220801111100.htm Aerosol particles in the atmosphere have a bigger impact on cloud cover -- but less effect on cloud brightness -- than previously thought, new research shows. Mon, 01 Aug 2022 11:11:00 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2022/08/220801111100.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2022/07/220722184806.htm Computers can be trained to better detect distant nuclear detonations, chemical blasts and volcano eruptions by learning from artificial explosion signals, according to a new method. Fri, 22 Jul 2022 18:48:06 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2022/07/220722184806.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2022/07/220714091104.htm Using data from the eruption of the underwater volcano near Tonga in 2022, researchers used disturbances in Earth's upper atmosphere to track the airwaves that cause tsunami. Their findings may lead to speedier predictions of these giant waves. Thu, 14 Jul 2022 09:11:04 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2022/07/220714091104.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2022/07/220706165403.htm Researchers used a fiber optic cable on the ice cap of an Icelandic subglacial volcano to detect low-frequency volcanic tremor, suggesting this technology could be useful in monitoring other ice-covered volcano systems. Wed, 06 Jul 2022 16:54:03 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2022/07/220706165403.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2022/07/220706133315.htm As it captivated people around the world, the January eruption of the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai volcano gave scientists a once-in-a-lifetime chance to study how the atmosphere works, unlocking keys to better predict the weather and changing climate. Wed, 06 Jul 2022 13:33:15 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2022/07/220706133315.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2022/06/220630114447.htm The eruption of the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai submarine volcano in January 2022 was one of the most explosive volcanic events of the modern era, a new study has confirmed. Thu, 30 Jun 2022 11:44:47 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2022/06/220630114447.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2022/06/220629121153.htm The recent Fagradalsfjall eruption in the southwest of Iceland has enthralled the whole world, including nature lovers and scientists alike. The eruption was especially important as it provided geologists with a unique opportunity to study magmas that were accumulated in a deep crustal magma reservoir but ultimately derived from the Earth's mantle (below 20 km). Wed, 29 Jun 2022 12:11:53 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2022/06/220629121153.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2022/06/220613124541.htm Scientists say they have identified the exact mechanism responsible for the exceptional tsunami that spread quickly across the world after the colossal eruption of the Tonga volcano earlier this year. Mon, 13 Jun 2022 12:45:41 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2022/06/220613124541.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2022/06/220603153335.htm In the fall of 2017, a team of geologists had just set up a new volcanic forecasting modeling program on the Blue Waters and iForge supercomputers. Simultaneously, another team was monitoring activity at the Sierra Negra volcano in the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador. The teams shared their insights and what happened next was the fortuitous forecast of the June 2018 Sierra Negra eruption five months before it occurred. Fri, 03 Jun 2022 15:33:35 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2022/06/220603153335.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2022/06/220601142806.htm Before its big burst in 2018, Kilauea spent ten years erupting more gently. Research gives new insights into the volcano's longstanding lava lake, one feature of this eruption. Wed, 01 Jun 2022 14:28:06 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2022/06/220601142806.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2022/05/220517083029.htm New research modeling smoke from two recent megafires sets the stage for better forecasting of how emissions from these global-scale events will behave and impact temperatures. As huge wildfires become more common under climate change, increased attention has focused on the intensity and duration of their emissions, which rival those of some volcano eruptions. Tue, 17 May 2022 08:30:29 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2022/05/220517083029.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2022/05/220512164051.htm The massive Jan. 15, 2022, eruption of the Hunga submarine volcano in the South Pacific Ocean created a variety of atmospheric wave types, including booms heard 6,200 miles away in Alaska. It also created an atmospheric pulse that caused an unusual tsunami-like disturbance that arrived at Pacific shores sooner than the actual tsunami. Thu, 12 May 2022 16:40:51 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2022/05/220512164051.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2022/05/220509162452.htm 我Westdahl高峰在阿拉斯加火山上次爆发n 1992, and continued expansion hints at another eruption soon. Experts previously forecasted the next blast to occur by 2010, but the volcano -- located under about 1 kilometer of glacial ice -- has yet to erupt again. Using the Westdahl Peak volcano as inspiration, a new volcanic modeling study examined how glaciers affect the stability and short-term eruption cycles of high-latitude volcanic systems -- some of which exist along major air transportation routes. Mon, 09 May 2022 16:24:52 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2022/05/220509162452.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2022/05/220502142621.htm Tree-ring, ice core and volcano experts teamed up to identify one of the most climatically impactful volcanic eruptions in 4,000 years -- Aniakchak II. In the process, they narrowed down potential dates for the Thera volcano eruption. Mon, 02 May 2022 14:26:21 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2022/05/220502142621.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2022/04/220422094325.htm A new study has attributed the root cause of the 2016 Kumamoto earthquakes to specific geological damage. A relatively large dip-slip displacement was discovered at the site. The Futagawa strike-slip fault is a vertical break in the ground tracing a line southwest originating from Mount Aso. Fri, 22 Apr 2022 09:43:25 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2022/04/220422094325.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2022/04/220413104151.htm In a remote area, a mix of geophysical methods identifies magma transfer below the seafloor as the cause. Wed, 13 Apr 2022 10:41:51 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2022/04/220413104151.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2022/03/220331121249.htm In order to understand and predict volcanic events even better, a better understanding of the diverse underground processes involved is required. A new way to detect such processes, even if they are very subtle, is to use fiber optic cables as sensors. The analysis of light that is backscattered in them when the cables are deformed by vibrations, for example, has now made it possible for the first time to determine the volcanic signature of the Sicilian volcano Etna very precisely. Thu, 31 Mar 2022 12:12:49 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2022/03/220331121249.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2022/03/220329185441.htm A study suggests the weight of snow and ice atop the Sierra Nevada affects a California volcano's carbon dioxide emissions, one of the main signs of volcanic unrest. Tue, 29 Mar 2022 18:54:41 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2022/03/220329185441.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2022/03/220329142523.htm On January 15, the volcano Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai devastated the nation of Tonga. The eruption triggered tsunamis as far afield as the Caribbean and generated atmospheric waves that travelled around the globe several times. Meanwhile, the volcano's plume shot gas and ash through the stratosphere into the lower mesosphere. Tue, 29 Mar 2022 14:25:23 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2022/03/220329142523.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2022/03/220317120343.htm A new study unlocks the science behind a key ingredient -- namely oxygen -- in some of the world's most violent volcanoes. The research offers a new model for understanding the oxidation state of arc magmas, the lavas that form some volcanoes, such as the one that erupted dramatically in Tonga earlier this year. The plume from Tonga's underwater volcanic eruption on Jan. 15 rose 36 miles into the air. Ash from the volcano reached the mesosphere, Earth's third layer of atmosphere. Thu, 17 Mar 2022 12:03:43 EDT //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2022/03/220317120343.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2022/03/220310143705.htm Around the world, between 40 and 50 volcanoes are currently erupting or in states of unrest, and hundreds of millions of people are at risk of hazards posed by these potentially active volcanos. Yet, despite the profound hazards posed to human life and property by volcanic eruptions, humanity still cannot reliably and accurately predict them, and even when forecasts are accurately made by experts, they may not afford ample time for people to evacuate and make emergency preparations. Thu, 10 Mar 2022 14:37:05 EST //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2022/03/220310143705.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2022/03/220304101011.htm The Popocatépetl volcano, located southeast of Mexico City, stands as the second highest peak in Mexico and is considered to be one of the potentially most dangerous volcanoes in the world, given its record of highly explosive eruptions over the last 23,000 years. Fri, 04 Mar 2022 10:10:11 EST //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2022/03/220304101011.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2022/02/220225085854.htm Lava domes form at the top of many volcanoes when viscous lava erupts. When they become unstable, they can collapse and cause a hazard. An international team of researchers has analyzed summit dome instabilities at Merapi Volcano, Indonesia. The researchers hope that by understanding the inner processes, volcano collapses can be better forecasted. Fri, 25 Feb 2022 08:58:54 EST //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2022/02/220225085854.htm //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2022/02/220208105257.htm The presence of pink pumice in the giant pumice raft of the 2012 Havre that drifted across the southwest Pacific Ocean has led researchers to recognize the immense power of underwater volcanic eruptions. Tue, 08 Feb 2022 10:52:57 EST //www.koonmotors.com/releases/2022/02/220208105257.htm